Right to health in european legal system: the content and guarantees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.53798/suprema.2021.v1.n1.a15Palavras-chave:
right to health, Convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of 1950, European Court of Human Rights, public health, Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)Resumo
This article reviews the content and the implementation of the right to health in the regional international legal systems for the human rights and freedoms protection. Therefore, the study is based on the analysis of universal international treaties of the UN system, regional regulations of the Council of Europe, the European Union (EU), and the European Court of Human Rights (EctHR), using general scientific and special cognitive techniques wherein legal analysis and synthesis, systemic, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal and dialectical methods are applied. The research indicates that the modern international legal concept of the right to health is being developed at the regional level. There is a certain trend in Council of Europe and EU law towards an extended interpretation of the human right to health responding to new challenges to the realization of that right, concerning bioethics, human genome editing, and the effects of nuclear testing and environmental pollution. The author encourages the complement of the European system of human rights protection with an additional protocol to the Council of Europe Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 1950, involving the right to health security.
Direito à saúde no sistema jurídico europeu: o teor e as garantias
Resumo
O presente artigo analisa o teor e a implementação do direito à saúde nos sistemas jurídicos internacionais regionais de proteção dos direitos humanos e das liberdades fundamentais. Nesse sentido, o estudo baseia-se na análise de tratados internacionais do sistema da Organização das Nações Unidas, regulamentos regionais do Conselho da Europa, da União Europeia (UE), e da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos (CEDH), utilizando técnicas científicas gerais e técnicas cognitivas específicas nas quais são aplicados métodos de análise jurídica, sistêmica, formal, comparativa, histórica e dialética. A pesquisa indica que o conceito jurídico moderno internacional do direito à saúde está sendo desenvolvido em nível regional. Há uma certa tendência no Conselho da Europa e na legislação da UE para uma interpretação ampliada do direito humano à saúde, respondendo aos novos desafios para a implementação desse direito, no que tange à bioética, ao genoma humano e aos efeitos dos testes nucleares e da poluição ambiental. A autora encoraja o complemento do sistema europeu de proteção dos direitos humanos com um protocolo adicional à Convenção Europeia de Direitos Humanos de 1950, envolvendo o direito à segurança sanitária.
Downloads
Referências
Abrosimova E.A. Geneticheskaya pasportizatsiya naseleniya kak vklad v biologicheskuyu bezopasnost’ — ne operezhaem li my vremya? / E.A.Abrosimova. — Tekst: neposredstvennyi // Pravovye osnovy bioekonomiki i biobezopasnosti: monografiya / otv. red. A.A.Mokhov, O.V.Sushkova. — Moskva: Prospekt, 2020. — Pp. 133-141. (In Russ.).
Denisenko V., Trikoz E. Biopolitics and legal issues of emergency situations in the context of coronavirus pandemic. – E3S Web of Conferences. 2020. Vol. 175. No. 14013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017514013. URL: https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2020/35/e3sconf_interagromash2020_14013.pdf (accessed 11.06.2021).
Dubov A.B., D’yakov V.G. Bezopasnost’ genomnoi informatsii: pravovye aspekty mezhdunarodnogo i natsional’nogo regulirovaniya // Vestnik Universiteta imeni O.E. Kutafina (MGYuA) – 2019. – Nº4. – Pp.. 305-308. (In Russ.).
European Court of Human Rights: Thematic report “Health-related issues in the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights”. 2015. URL: https://www.echr.coe.int/Documents/Research_report_health.pdf (accessed 11.06.2021).
Gulyaeva E.E., Trikoz E.N. Yuridicheskie aspekty politiki protivodeistviya koronavirusnoi infektsii (COVID-19) v RF [Legal aspects of the policy of countering coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Russian Federation]. – Elektronnoe setevoe izdanie “Mezhdunarodnyi pravovoi kur’er”. 2020. No. 4. URL: https://inter-legal.ru/yuridicheskie-aspekty-politiki-protivodejstviya-koronavirusnoj-infektsii-covid-19-v-rf (accessed 11.06.2021).
Kalinichenko P.A. Global’noe i regional’noe regulirovanie issledovanii i razrabotok v oblasti chelovecheskogo genoma i ikh prakticheskogo ispol’zovaniya: osobennosti predmeta i podkhodov // Mezhdunarodnyi pravovoi kur’er. 2020. Nº 3-4. Iyul’-Avgust. Pp. 20-25. URL: https://inter-legal.ru/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/08-22-oct-web.pdf (accessed 07.02.2021). (In Russ.).
Krekora-Zając D. Civil liability for damages related to germline and embryo editing against the legal admissibility of gene editing. – Palgrave Communications. 2020. Vol. 6. Issue 1. P. 1-8. DOI: 10.1057/s41599-020-0399-2.
Kubyshkin A.V., Kosilkin S.V., Astrelina T.A. Mezhdunarodno-pravovoe regulirovanie geneticheskikh issledovanii, biobankinga, bioinformatiki i reproduktsii cheloveka: analiz osnovnykh mezhdunarodno-pravovykh aktov // Mezhdunarodnyi pravovoi kur’er. - 2019. - Nº 2-3 (31-32). - P. 30. (In Russ.).
Lapaeva V.V. Ot Vseobshchei deklaratsii o genome cheloveka k mezhdunarodno-pravovomu regulirovaniyu genomnykh issledovanii i tekhnologii: ideya i real’nost’ // Gosudarstvo i pravo. 2020. Nº 7. Pp.. 53–61. (In Russ.).
Malinovsky A., Osina D., Trikoz E. Legal instruments for stimulating environmentally friendly behavior: successful practices in Russia and abroad. – E3S Web of Conferences. 2020. Vol. 164. No. 11039. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf /202016411039. URL: https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2020/24/e3sconf_tpacee2020_11039.pdf (accessed 11.06.2021).
Montgomery J. Modifikatsiya genoma cheloveka: vyzovy so storony sfery prav cheloveka, obuslovlennye nauchno-tekhnicheskimi dostizheniyami [Modification of the human genome: challenges from the human rights sphere caused by scientific and technical achievements]. – Pretsedenty Evropeiskogo suda po pravam cheloveka. 2018. No. 3. P. 42-56. (In Russ.).
Preventive Detention: a Comparative and International Law Perspective. Ed. by S. Frankowski and D. Shelton. Dordrecht; Boston: M. Nijhoff. 1992. 302 p.
Rogers A., De Bousingen D.D. Bioethics in Europe. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Press. 1995. 366 p.
Taras’yants E.V. Mezhdunarodnaya zashchita i pooshchrenie prav cheloveka v oblasti biomeditsinskikh issledovanii [International Protection and Promotion of Human Rights in Biomedical Research]. Moscow. 2011. 224 p. (In Russ.).
Trikoz, E.N., Mustafina-Bredikhina, D.M., Gulyaeva, E.E. Pravovoe regulirovanie protsedury gennogo redaktirovaniya: zarubezhnyi opyt [Legal regulation of gene editing procedure: USA and EU experience]. – RUDN Journal of Law. Vol. 25. Issue 1. P. 67-86. (In Russ.). DOI:10.22363/2313-2337-2021-25-1-67-86.
Trikoz E., Gulyaeva E., Belyaev K. Russian experience of using digital technologies in law and legal risks of AI. – E3S Web of Conferences. 2020. Vol. 224. No. 03005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202022403005. URL: https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2020/84/e3sconf_TPACEE2020_03005.pdf (accessed 11.06.2021).
Trikoz Е., Gulyaeva Е. Ecological cases of the ECHR and the environmental risk of GMO. – E3S Web of Conferences. 2021. Vol. 244. No. 12024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124412024. URL: https://www.e3s-conferences.org/articles/e3sconf/pdf/2021/20/e3sconf_emmft2020_12024.pdf (accessed 11.06.2021).
UN General Assembly: “Global Health and Foreign Policy: An Inclusive Approach to Health Systems Strengthening”. 04.12. 2019. URL: https://undocs.org/ru/A/74/L.26 (accessed 11.06.2021).
UN Human Rights Committee: CCPR General Comment No. 8 of 27 July 1982: Right to liberty and security of persons (Art. 9). URL: https://www.refworld.org/docid/4538840110.html (accessed 11.06.2021).
UN: International Cooperation to Ensure Global Access to Medicines, Vaccines, and Medical Devices to Counter COVID-19. Access: https://undocs.org/ru/A/74/L.56 (accessed 11.06.2021).
United Nations: The Sustainable Development Goals Report, 2020. URL: https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2020/ (accessed 11.06.2021).World Health Organization: Director General’s Keynote Address at COVID-19 Press Briefing, March 11, 2020. Access: https://www.who.int/ru/dg/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020 (accessed 11.06.2021).
World Health Organization: Human Genome editing. URL: https://www.who.int/ethics/topics/human-genome-editing/en/ (accessed 11.06.2021).
World Health Organization: Mitigating the impact of COVID-19 on trade and food markets. Joint Statement by Qiu Dunyu, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus and Roberto Azevedo, Directors General of FAO, WHO and WTO. 30.03.2020. Access: https://www.who.int/ru/news-room/detail/30-03-2020-joint-statement-by-qu-dongyu-tedros-adhanom-ghebreyesus-and-roberto-azevedo-directors-general-of-the-food-and-agriculture-organization-of-the-united-nations-(fao)-the-world-health-organization-(who)-and-the-world-trade-organization-(wto) (accessed 11.06.2021).
World Health Organization: Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. URL: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it (accessed 11.06.2021).
World Health Organization: What is a pandemic? Access: https://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/frequently_asked_questions/pandemic/ru/ (accessed 11.06.2021).
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2021 Elena Evgenyevna Gulyaeva
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
